Benzoic Acid Tablets (CAL2K-4-BA)
Benzoic Tablets are currently manufactured in 0.5g and 1.0g tablets.
- 1 Bottle 50 Tablets x 0.5g Certified Benzoic Acid
- 1 Bottle 25 Tablets x 1g certified Benzoic Acid
Calorimetry
Benzoic Acid Tablets in Calorimetry.
Benzoic acid is the most commonly used chemical standard to determine the heat capacity of a bomb calorimeter. Benzoic Acid Tablets are used for calibration and standardization of bomb calorimeter systems and the tablets form a vital part of the bomb calorimeter's consumables. Please contact us or your nearest agent for pricing on the new Benzoic Acid Tablets.
Packaging
Benzoic Acid Tablets Packaging.
Benzoic Acid is packaged in bottles of 50 tablets for 0.5g Benzoic Acid and 25 tablets for 1.0g Benzoic Acid.
Application
How to use Benzoic Acid Tablets
Benzoic Acid is used in the complete lid assembly, which is used in the CAL2K-4 Vessel for calibration and calorific determinations.
Life Span
How long the Benzoic Acid will last.
A Benzoic Acid tablet lasts for the duration of one firing. A Benzoic Acid Tablet should be replaced after every firing.
Gelatine Capsules (CAL2K-4-GC)
Gelatine Capsules are used in the complete lid assembly which is placed in the CAL2K-4 vessel for calibration and calorific determinations.
Packaging : Gelatine capsules are packaging in packs of 100 capsules.
Life Span : The gelatine capsule lasts for one firing. The gelatine capsule should be replaced after every firing.
Crucibles (CAL2K-4-CB)
The crucible is used in the lid assembly to hold the Benzoic Acid Tablet or Gelatine Capsule.
Packaging : Crucibles are packaged in quantities of 10 per packet.
Life Span : The crucible lasts for 5-50 firings. The crucible should be replaced when necessary. The crucible in an oxygen bomb calorimeter contains the sample, which is a combustible materials of 0.2 to 1.5g. The sample is ignited by a fuse which in turn is ignited by a firing wire. The firing wire is heated by an electrical current. An oxygen bomb calorimeter is used to measure the combustible (thermal) energy of a substance. The crucible is made out of stainless steel with a melting point of -1500 degrees Celsius. With prolonged use the crucible loses weight due to oxidation : it gets thinner. Eventually it disintegrates. If a crucible has disintegrated the sample analysis must be discarded. The amount of sample determination depends on the burning temperature of the sample material and its corrosive properties. When a crucible disintegrates it does so by "dropping" the bottom, because the walls are thinner than the rest. The weight loss of the crucible is very visible before the sample is inserted, because the crucible is put on to a scale to be tared. For very high temperature determinations a SILICA crucible is used. This is normally avoided because of the cost. Alternatively 3-10ml water can be added into the bomb. Part of the water is converted to steam and this helps to cool the stainless steel crucible. If water is used then the calibration of the bomb must be performed with water as well. The water in the vessel can be titrated after the burning process.
4-Hole Volatile Tray (VOST-4)
The 4-hole tray is used for holding crucibles when preparing samples for firing.
Packaging : The 4-hole trays are packaged in packs of 1 tray.
Life Span : The 4-hole tray should be replaced when necessary/never.
8-Hole Volatile Tray (VOST-8)
The 8-hole tray is used for holding crucibles when preparing samples for firing.
Packaging : The 8-hole trays are packaged in packs of 1 tray.
Life Span : The 8-hole tray should be replaced when necessary/never.
Wire Brush (CAL2K-4-WB)
The wire brush is used to clean the threads on the vessel cap and the threads on the inside of the vessel body.
Packaging : The wire brushes are packaged in packs of 1 brush.
Life Span : The wire brush should be replaced when necessary.
Defiller Cap (CAL2K-4-DC)
The defiller cap is used to release the oxygen from the vessel once it has been in the cooler.
Packaging : Defiller caps are packaged in packs of 1 cap.
Life Span : The defiller cap should be replaced when necessary.
Top & Bottom O-Rings (CAL2K-4-CR)
The top and bottom o-rings are fitted on the center and outside electrodes, which are in turn fitted onto the lid assembly.
Packaging : Top & Bottom O-Rings are packaged in packs of 10 rings per kit. Individual/Separate orders are packaged in 100 O-Rings per bag.
Life Span : The top and bottom O-Rings last between 5-50 firings. Replace the top and bottom o-rings between every 5-50 firings.
Firing Wire (CAL2K-4-FW)
The firing wire is used in the complete lid assembly for calibration of calorific determination. The firing wire is used in an oxygen bomb calorimeter inside the bomb or vessel for the purpose of igniting a substance in an oxygen atmosphere.
Packaging : Firing Wires are packaged in packs of 5 wires.
Life Span : Between 5-20 firings. The firing wire should be replaced between 5-20 firings, depending on the sample being tested.
The substances can be any material as long as it burns. For the ignition to happen a current is sent through the firing wire, the firing wire gets hot and ignites the sample substance directly or ignites a "fuse" made out of cotton.
The firing wire material is nichrome or platinum. Nichrome has a melting point of -1400 degrees Celsius. Platinum melts at -2000 degrees Celsius. Platinum is seldom used because it is very expensive. The firing wire lasts only for a defined amount of ignitions. The firing wire lasts for 5 to 50 firings. The number depends on the sample material, the burning pattern and the ignition current. The current is adjustable from the oxygen bomb calorimeter to suit your application. The adjustment is done by experimenting.
The practical application of the firing wire : It is connected between the two electrodes and the cotton thread is tied to it. The firing current, which makes the firing wire glow, it adjusted by the firing voltage setting in any of the DDS Bomb Calorimeters (CAL2K, ECO).
A firing voltage of 25V is a good start. The voltage should be adjusted up if miss fires are experienced, and the cotton thread is lying in the crucible. In this instance the sample must be discarded and the determination repeated with a new sample and cotton thread.
The firing voltage must be adjusted down if the firing wire breaks (melted) too often, but not as a result of a violent combustion. It can happen that the sample burns with a flame directed at the wire, thus heating it up beyond the melting point of the firing wire, and the wire breaks and lands up in the crucible as molten pearls of nichrome.
Even when the firing voltage of the bomb calorimeter is correctly adjusted the wire will not last forever. The wire oxidizes and gets thinner with every firing, and eventually falls and needs to be replaced.
This is done by pushing the ferrules up, removing the wire ends, and inserting the new wire in the slits. The new wire is secured by jamming the ferrules over the wire. It is advised to keep spares of firing wire handy.
It is advisable to use the supplied firing wire because it is performed and of constant length and diameter. Any other diameter could damage the firing electronics.
The electrical energy used to heat up the firing wire can be compensated.
Complete Lid Assembly (CAL2K-4-CL)
The complete lid assembly is used in the bomb vessel.
Packaging : The complete lid assembly is packaged as 1 unit.
Life Span : The complete lid assembly lasts 10-50 firings. Clean residue after every CV. Clean fully every 10-50 firings.
Deflector Plate (CAL2K-4-DP)
The deflector plate is used in the complete lid assembly.
Packaging : Deflector Plates are packaged in 1 plate per pack.
Life Span : Replace when heavily corroded and can not be cleaned.
Center Electrode (CAL2K-4-CE)
The center electrode is used in the complete lid assembly.
Packaging : The center electrode is packaged in 1 unit per pack.
Life Span : It depends on the samples you are testing and the amount of firings you complete in a day. the center electrode should be replaced when necessary.
Handling Hook (CAL2K-4-HH)
The handling hook is used when lifting the vessel from the calorimeter into the Cooler/Air Cooler.
Packaging : Handling hooks are packaged in 1 unit per pack.
Life Span : Replace the handling hook when necessary.
Outside Electrode (CAL2K-4-OE)
The outside electrode is used in the complete lid assembly.
Packaging : The outside electrode is packaged in 1 unit per pack.
Life Span : Depends on the samples you are testing and the amount of firings you complete in a day. The outside electrode should be replaced when necessary.
Lid O-Rings (CAL2K-4-LR)
The lid o-rings are used in the complete lid assembly.
Packaging : Lid O-Rings are packaged in 5 units per kit pack. Individual/Separate orders are packaged in packs of 100 O-Rings per bag.
Life Span : The lid o-rings last 20-50 firings each. Replace every 20-50 firings. Check after every 20 firings to confirm.
Firing Cotton (CAL2K-4-FC)
The firing cotton is used in the complete lid assembly, attached to the firing wire. The firing cotton is used as a fuse to ignite the sample charge in an oxygen bomb calorimeter. A sample is burned in a pressurized oxygen atmosphere to measure the thermal energy, which is released by the burning process.
Packaging : The firing cotton is packaged in 10 bundles of 100 threads each.
Life Span : The firing cotton thread lasts for one firing. The firing cotton should be replaced after every firing. The supplied cotton is of a consistent length and energy and the calorific value of the cotton can be compensated for in the wire and cotton compensation.
The cotton must be tied to the wire in a fashion that both ends hang into the crucible. This can be achieved by putting both ends together and creating a loop. Then put the loop close to the wire, and pull the ends through the loop with tweezers.
The firing cotton material is not important. Cotton was chosen because it is readily available and inexpensive. All cotton threads must be of equal length and consistency.
The actual sample ignition process works as follows : The calorimeter waits until the firing conditions are met. Then it sends a very large current through the electrodes inside the "bomb" or vessel.The current heats up the firing wire. The bomb is pressurized with oxygen and the firing cotton, which is tied to the wire, bursts into flames, falls into the crucible and ignites the sample material.
Preparation Stand (CAL2K-4-PS)
The Preparation stand is a stable support for the lid assembly when preparing the firing wire, firing cotton, etc.
Packaging : The preparation stand is packaged in 1 unit per pack.
Life Span : Replace the preparation stand when necessary.
Flow Adjustor O-Rings (CAL2K-4-FR)
The flow adjustor o-ring is the connection between the pressure gauges on the filling station and the oxygen.
Packaging : The flow adjustor o-rings are packaged in 2 units per pack when included in the kit. Individual/side orders are packaged in 100 o-rings per bag.
Life Span : There is no need to replace the flow adjustor o-ring.
Water Pipe 10m (CAL2K-4-WP)
The water pipe connects the cooler to the water tub or water source.
Packaging : The water pipe is packaged in 1 unit per pack.
Life Span : It depends on usage - when the pipe starts to leak. When it starts to get brittle and leaks, the water pipe should be replaced.
Nozzle O-Rings (CAL2K-4-NR)
The nozzle o-ring is fitted in the nozzle of the Filling Station, where the Lid Assembly will be attached to for filling with oxygen.
Packaging : Nozzle O-Rings are packaged in 5 units per kit pack. Individual/separate orders are packaged in 100 o-rings per pack.
Life Span : Approximately 200 fills. Replace after approximately 200 fills.
High Pressure Oxygen Pipe (CAL2K-4-OP)
The high pressure oxygen pipe is the connection between the oxygen tank and the filling station.
Packaging : The high pressure oxygen pipe is packaged in 1 unit per pack.
Life Span : The high pressure oxygen pipe should be replaced when necessary.
Oxygen Regulator Connection (CAL2K-4-RC)
The oxygen regulator connection connects the high pressure oxygen pipe to the oxygen tank.
Packaging : The oxygen regulator connection is packaged in 1 set per pack.
Life Span : The oxygen regulator connection should be replaced when necessary.
Water Pipe Hose Clamps (CAL2K-4-HC)
The water pipe hose clamps are used to firmly attach the Water Pipe (10m) to the inlet and outlet valves on the back of the cooler.
Packaging : Water Pipe Hose Clamps are packaged in 2 units per pack.
Life Span : 5-10 years. The hose clamps should be replaced when necessary.
Power Supply (CAL2K-1-SM)
The Power Supply is a connection from the calorimeter to the power mains plug (electrical wall socket).
Packaging : The power supply is packaged in 1 unit per pack.
Life Span : The power supply should never be replaced, unless broken or faulty.
Ferrule Pipe Nut (Compression Fit) (CAL2K-3-COMPRESSION)
Ferrule Pipe Nut for the High Pressure Oxygen Pipe Connection.
Balance Cable (CAL2K-1-BC)
The balance cable is the connection between the calorimeter and the balance (scale).
Packaging : The balance cable is packaged in 1 unit per pack.
Life Span : The balance cable should never be replaced, unless broken or faulty.
PC Cable (CAL2K-PCC)
The PC Cable is the connection between the calorimeter and the computer.
Packaging : The PC Cable is packaged in 1 unit per pack.
Life Span : The PC Cable should never be replaced, unless broken or faulty.
Ambient Cable (CAL2K-2-AC)
The ambient cable is the connection between the calorimeter and the cooler.
Packaging : The ambient cable is packaged in 1 unit per pack.
Life Span : The ambient cable should never be replaced, unless broken or faulty.
Mains Cable (CAL2K-MC)
The mains cable is the connection between the cooler and the power mains plug (electrical wall socket).
Packaging : The mains cable is packaged in 1 unit per pack.
Life Span : The mains cable should never be replaced, unless broken or faulty.
PC Keyboard (CAL2K-KB)
The keyboard is used to input data into the ECO Calorimeter Interface.
Packaging : The PC keyboard is packaged in 1 unit per pack.
Life Span : The PC Keyboard should never be replaced, unless broken or faulty.
Crucible Cover Discs (CAL2K-FLDS)
The crucible cover discs are used with combustible substances under high pressure to cover the sample during firing, i.e. fuel and diesel. It is placed on the rim of the crucible to contain the sample.
Packaging : The crucible cover discs are packaged in 10 sheets per pack.
Life Span : Each disc cover lasts for one firing. The disc covers should be replaced after every firing.
